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While high-protein foods (like meat and dairy products) do contain some glycine, the best sources — collagen and gelatin — can be hard to get. These proteins are not found in most cuts of meat and instead are obtained from consuming parts of animals that today most people throw away: skin, bones, connective tissue, tendons and ligaments. Part of the ageing process is attributable to the damage done when glucose reacts with proteins in the body to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Such glycation damages proteins and produces toxic byproducts. Glycation is responsible for the gradual deterioration of collagen as we get older, leading to a loss of elasticity.
Potkin SG, Jin Y, Bunney BG, Costa J, Gulasekaram B. Effect of clozapine and adjunctive high-dose glycine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:145-7.. View abstract. The principal function of glycine is it acts as a precursor to proteins. Most proteins incorporate only small quantities of glycine, a notable exception being collagen, which contains about 35% glycine due to its periodically repeated role in the formation of collagen's helix structure in conjunction with hydroxyproline. [27] [31] In the genetic code, glycine is coded by all codons starting with GG, namely GGU, GGC, GGA and GGG. eCFR:: 21 CFR 170.50 -- Glycine (aminoacetic acid) in food for human consumption". ecfr.gov . Retrieved October 24, 2022. Glycine is readily available as a dietary supplement in capsule or powder form. If you don’t like taking pills, the powder form dissolves easily in water and has a sweet taste. One study found that higher intake of glycine (in terms of percentage of total protein) was significantly associated with a decreased risk of mortality from ischemic strokes in women. Supplementing with this amino acid following a stroke also seems to help with recovery.As a bifunctional molecule, glycine reacts with many reagents. These can be classified into N-centered and carboxylate-center reactions. In a study in rats with alcohol-induced liver damage, the liver cell health returned to baseline 30% faster in a group fed a glycine-containing diet for two weeks compared to a control group ( 21).
There is growing evidence of a protective effect of glycine on coronary heart disease.[ Wittemans et al, 2019] Snyder LE, Lovas FJ, Hollis JM, etal. (2005). "A rigorous attempt to verify interstellar glycine". Astrophys J. 619 (2): 914–930. arXiv: astro-ph/0410335. Bibcode: 2005ApJ...619..914S. doi: 10.1086/426677. S2CID 16286204.It prevents the accumulation of a compound that, in high amounts, has been linked to atherosclerosis, the hardening and narrowing of the arteries ( 25, 26, 27, 28).